RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Cis-regulatory Elements and Human Evolution JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 005652 DO 10.1101/005652 A1 Adam Siepel A1 Leonardo Arbiza YR 2014 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2014/05/28/005652.abstract AB Modification of gene regulation has long been considered an important force in human evolution, particularly through changes to cis-regulatory elements (CREs) that function in transcriptional regulation. For decades, however, the study of cis-regulatory evolution was severely limited by the available data. New data sets describing the locations of CREs and genetic variation within and between species have now made it possible to study CRE evolution much more directly on a genome-wide scale. Here, we review recent research on the evolution of CREs in humans based on large-scale genomic data sets. We consider inferences based on primate divergence, human polymorphism, and combinations of divergence and polymorphism. We then consider “new frontiers” in this field stemming from recent research on transcriptional regulation.