RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Bayesian model reveals latent atrophy factors with dissociable cognitive trajectories in Alzheimer’s disease JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 064295 DO 10.1101/064295 A1 Xiuming Zhang A1 Elizabeth C. Mormino A1 Nanbo Sun A1 Reisa A. Sperling A1 Mert R. Sabuncu A1 B.T. Thomas Yeo A1 for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative YR 2016 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/07/17/064295.abstract AB We employed a data-driven Bayesian model to automatically identify distinct latent factors of overlapping atrophy patterns from voxelwise structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia patients. Our approach estimated the extent to which multiple distinct atrophy patterns were expressed within each participant rather than assuming that each participant expressed a single atrophy factor. The model revealed a temporal atrophy factor (medial temporal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala), a subcortical atrophy factor (striatum, thalamus and cerebellum), and a cortical atrophy factor (frontal, parietal, lateral temporal and lateral occipital cortices). To explore the influence of each factor in early AD, atrophy factor compositions were inferred in beta-amyloid-positive (Aβ+) mild cognitively impaired (MCI) and cognitively normal (CN) participants. All three factors were associated with memory decline across the entire clinical spectrum, whereas the cortical factor was associated with executive function decline in Aβ+ MCI participants and AD dementia patients. Direct comparison between factors revealed that the temporal factor showed the strongest association with memory, while the cortical factor showed the strongest association with executive function. The subcortical factor was associated with the slowest decline for both memory and executive function compared to temporal and cortical factors. These results suggest that distinct patterns of atrophy influence decline across different cognitive domains. Quantification of this heterogeneity may enable the computation of individual-level predictions relevant for disease monitoring and customized therapies. Code from this manuscript is publicly available at link_to_be_added.