RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 An oscillating tragedy of the commons in replicator dynamics with game-environment feedback
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 043299
DO 10.1101/043299
A1 Joshua S. Weitz
A1 Ceyhun Eksin
A1 Keith Paarporn
A1 Sam P. Brown
A1 William C. Ratcliff
YR 2016
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/11/04/043299.abstract
AB A tragedy of the commons occurs when individuals take actions to maximize their payoffs even as their combined payoff is less than the global maximum had the players coordinated. The originating example is that of over-grazing of common pasture lands. In game theoretic treatments of this example there is rarely consideration of how individual behavior subsequently modifies the commons and associated payoffs. Here, we generalize evolutionary game theory by proposing a class of replicator dynamics with feedback-evolving games in which environment-dependent payoffs and strategies coevolve. We initially apply our formulation to a system in which the payoffs favor unilateral defection and cooperation, given replete and depleted environments respectively. Using this approach we identify and characterize a new class of dynamics: an oscillatory tragedy of the commons in which the system cycles between deplete and replete environmental states and cooperation and defection behavior states. We generalize the approach to consider outcomes given all possible rational choices of individual behavior in the depleted state when defection is favored in the replete state. In so doing we find that incentivizing cooperation when others defect in the depleted state is necessary to avert the tragedy of the commons. In closing, we propose new directions for the study of control and influence in games in which individual actions exert a substantive effect on the environmental state.