PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Ilse Höellinger AU - Joachim Hermisson TI - Bounds to Parapatric Speciation: A Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibility model involving autosomes, X chromosomes and mitochondria AID - 10.1101/104489 DP - 2017 Jan 01 TA - bioRxiv PG - 104489 4099 - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/02/03/104489.short 4100 - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/02/03/104489.full AB - We investigate the conditions for the origin and maintenance of postzygotic isolation barriers, so called (Bateson-)Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities or DMIs, among populations that are connected by gene flow. Specifically, we compare the relative stability of pairwise DMIs among autosomes, X chromosomes, and mitochondrial genes. In an analytical approach based on a continent-island framework, we determine how the maximum permissible migration rates depend on the genomic architecture of the DMI, on sex bias in migration rates, and on sex-dependence of allelic and epistatic effects, such as dosage compensation. Our results show that X-linkage of DMIs can enlarge the migration bounds relative to autosomal DMIs or autosome-mitochondrial DMIs, in particular in the presence of dosage compensation. The effect is further strengthened with male-biased migration. This mechanism might contribute to a higher density of DMIs on the X chromosome (large X-effect) that has been observed in several species clades. Furthermore, our results agree with empirical findings of higher introgression rates of autosomal compared to X-linked loci.