TY - JOUR T1 - Conflicting evolutionary histories of the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in New World <em>Myotis</em> JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/112581 SP - 112581 AU - Roy N. Platt II AU - Brant C. Faircloth AU - Kevin A.M. Sullivan AU - Troy Kieran AU - Travis C. Glenn AU - Michael W. Vandewege AU - Tom E. Lee AU - Robert J. Baker AU - Richard D Stevens AU - David A. Ray Y1 - 2017/01/01 UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/02/28/112581.abstract N2 - The diversification of Myotis into more than 100 species in just a few million years is one of the most extensive mammalian radiations available for study. Efforts to understand relationships within Myotis have primarily utilized mitochondrial markers, and trees inferred from nuclear markers lacked resolution. Our current understanding of relationships within Myotis is therefore biased towards a set of phylogenetic markers that may not reflect the phylogenetic history of the nuclear genome. To resolve this, we sequenced the full mitochondrial genomes of 37 representative Myotis, primarily from the New World, in conjunction with targeted sequencing of 3,648 ultraconserved elements (UCEs). We inferred the phylogeny of Myotis and explored the effects of concatenation and summary phylogenetic methods, as well as combinations of markers based on informativeness or levels of missing data, on our phylogenetic results. Of the 295 phylogenies generated from the nuclear UCE data, all are significantly different from phylogenies inferred using mitochondrial genomes. Even within the nuclear genome quartet frequencies indicate that around half of all UCE loci conflict with the estimated species tree. Several factors can drive such conflict, including incomplete lineage sorting, introgressive hybridization, or even phylogenetic error. Despite the degree of discordance between nuclear UCE loci and the mitochondrial genome and among UCE loci themselves, the most common nuclear topology is recovered in one quarter of all analyses with strong nodal support. Based on these results, we re-examine the evolutionary history of Myotis to better understand the phenomena driving their unique nuclear, mitochondrial, and biogeographic histories. ER -