PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Youngjune Bhak
AU  - Yeonsu Jeon
AU  - Sungwon Jeon
AU  - Oksung Chung
AU  - Sungwoong Jho
AU  - JeHoon Jun
AU  - Hak-Min Kim
AU  - Yongsoo Cho
AU  - Changhan Yoon
AU  - Seungwoo Lee
AU  - Jung-Hoon Kang
AU  - Jong-Deock Lim
AU  - Junghwa An
AU  - Yun Sung Cho
AU  - Doug-Young Ryu
AU  - Jong Bhak
TI  - <em>Myotis rufoniger</em> Genome Sequence and Analyses: <em>M. rufoniger</em>’s Genomic Feature and the Decreasing Effective Population Size of <em>Myotis</em> Bats
AID  - 10.1101/131904
DP  - 2017 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 131904
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/04/28/131904.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/04/28/131904.full
AB  - Myotis rufoniger is a vesper bat in the genus Myotis. Here we report the whole genome sequence and analyses of the M. rufoniger. We generated 124 Gb of short-read DNA sequences with an estimated genome size of 1.88 Gb at a sequencing depth of 66× fold. The sequences were aligned to M. brandtii bat reference genome at a mapping rate of 96.50% covering 95.71% coding sequence region at 10× coverage. The divergence time of Myotis bat family is estimated to be 11.5 million years, and the divergence time between M. rufoniger and its closest species M. davidii is estimated to be 10.4 million years. We found 1,239 function-altering M. rufoniger specific amino acid sequences from 929 genes compared to other Myotis bat and mammalian genomes. The functional enrichment test of the 929 genes detected amino acid changes in melanin associated DCT, SLC45A2, TYRP1, and OCA2 genes possibly responsible for the M. rufoniger’s red fur color and a general coloration in Myotis. N6AMT1 gene, associated with arsenic resistance, showed a high degree of function alteration in M. rufoniger. We further confirmed that M. rufoniger also has bat-specific sequences within FSHB, GHR, IGF1R, TP53, MDM2, SLC45A2, RGS7BP, RHO, OPN1SW, and CNGB3 genes that have already been published to be related to bat’s reproduction, lifespan, flight, low vision, and echolocation. Additionally, our demographic history analysis found that the effective population size of Myotis clade has been consistently decreasing since ∼30k years ago. M. rufoniger’s effective population size was the lowest in Myotis bats, confirming its relatively low genetic diversity.