RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Conflicting evolutionary histories of the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in New World Myotis bats JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 112581 DO 10.1101/112581 A1 Roy N. Platt II A1 Brant C. Faircloth A1 Kevin A.M. Sullivan A1 Troy Kieran A1 Travis C. Glenn A1 Michael W. Vandewege A1 Thomas E. Lee A1 Robert J. Baker A1 Richard D. Stevens A1 David A. Ray YR 2017 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/06/16/112581.abstract AB The rapid diversification of Myotis bats into more than 100 species is one of the most extensive mammalian radiations available for study. Efforts to understand relationships within Myotis have primarily utilized mitochondrial markers and trees inferred from nuclear markers lacked resolution. Our current understanding of relationships within Myotis is therefore biased towards a set of phylogenetic markers that may not reflect the history of the nuclear genome. To resolve this, we sequenced the full mitochondrial genomes of 37 representative Myotis, primarily from the New World, in conjunction with targeted sequencing of 3,648 ultraconserved elements (UCEs). We inferred the phylogeny and explored the effects of concatenation and summary phylogenetic methods, as well as combinations of markers based on informativeness or levels of missing data, on our results. Of the 294 phylogenies generated from the nuclear UCE data, all are significantly different from phylogenies inferred using mitochondrial genomes. Even within the nuclear data, quartet frequencies indicate that around half of all UCE loci conflict with the estimated species tree. Several factors can drive such conflict, including incomplete lineage sorting, introgressive hybridization, or even phylogenetic error. Despite the degree of discordance between nuclear UCE loci and the mitochondrial genome and among UCE loci themselves, the most common nuclear topology is recovered in one quarter of all analyses with strong nodal support. Based on these results, we re-examine the evolutionary history of Myotis to better understand the phenomena driving their unique nuclear, mitochondrial, and biogeographic histories.