PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Shannon Rego
AU  - Orit Dagan-Rosenfeld
AU  - Wenyu Zhou
AU  - M. Reza Sailani
AU  - Patricia Limcaoco
AU  - Elizabeth Colbert
AU  - Monika Avina
AU  - Jessica Wheeler
AU  - Colleen Craig
AU  - Denis Salins
AU  - Hannes L. Röst
AU  - Jessilyn Dunn
AU  - Tracey McLaughlin
AU  - Lars M. Steinmetz
AU  - Jonathan A. Bernstein
AU  - Michael P. Snyder
TI  - High Frequency Actionable Pathogenic Exome Mutations in an Average-Risk Cohort
AID  - 10.1101/151225
DP  - 2017 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 151225
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/06/18/151225.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/06/18/151225.full
AB  - Whole exome sequencing (WES) is increasingly utilized in both clinical and non-clinical settings, but little is known about the utility of WES in healthy individuals. In order to determine the frequency of both medically actionable and non-actionable but medically relevant exome findings in the general population we assessed the exomes of 70 participants who have been extensively characterized over the past several years as part of a longitudinal integrated multi-omics profiling study at Stanford University. We assessed exomes for rare likely pathogenic and pathogenic variants in genes associated with Mendelian disease in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. We used American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) guidelines were used for the classification of rare sequence variants, and additionally we assessed pharmacogenetic variants. Twelve out of 70 (17%) participants had medically actionable findings in Mendelian disease genes, including 6 (9%) with mutations in genes not currently included in the ACMG’s list of 59 actionable genes. This number is higher than that reported in previous studies and suggests added benefit from utilizing expanded gene lists and manual curation to assess actionable findings. A total of 60 participants (89%) had non-actionable findings identified including 57 who were found to be mutation carriers for recessive diseases and 21 who have increased Alzheimer’s disease risk due to heterozyg ous or homozygous APOE e4 alleles (18 participants had both). These results suggest that exome sequencing may have considerably more utility for health management in the general population than previously thought.