RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Dual learning mechanisms drive adaptive inhibitory control JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 153676 DO 10.1101/153676 A1 Kyle Dunovan A1 Timothy Verstynen YR 2017 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/06/22/153676.abstract AB Goal-directed behavior requires integrating action selection processes with learning systems that adapt control using environmental feedback. These functions intersect in the basal ganglia (BG), which has at least two targets of plasticity: a dopaminergic modulation of striatal pathways and cortical modulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Dual learning mechanisms suggests that feedback signals have a multifaceted impact on BG-dependent decisions. Using a hybrid of accumulation-to-bound decision models and reinforcement learning, we modeled the performance of humans in a stop-signal task where participants (N=75) learned the prior distribution of the timing of a stop signal through trial-and-error feedback. Changes in the drift-rate of the action execution process were driven by errors in action timing, whereas adaptation in the boundary height served to increase caution following failed stops. These findings highlight two interactive learning mechanisms for adapting the control of goal-directed actions based on dissociable dimensions of feedback error.