@article {Xu155952, author = {Ting Xu and Arnaud Falchier and Elinor L. Sullivan and Gary Linn and Julian Ramirez and Deborah Ross and Eric Feczko and Alexander Opitz and Jennifer Bagley and Darrick Sturgeon and Eric Earl and Oscar Miranda-Domingue and Anders Perrone and Cameron Craddock and Charles Schroeder and Stan Colcombe and Damien Fair and Michael Milham}, title = {Delineating the macroscale areal organization of the macaque cortex in vivo}, elocation-id = {155952}, year = {2017}, doi = {10.1101/155952}, publisher = {Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory}, abstract = {Complementing longstanding traditions centered around histology, functional magnetic resonance imaging approaches are rapidly maturing in their ability to delineate brain areal organization at the macroscale. In particular, automated approaches focused on the detection of gradient-based boundaries in functional connectivity (FC) properties between cortical areas have demonstrated the ability to characterize human brain organization at the individual level and recapitulate previously established cytoarchitectonic brain areas. The use of non-human primates (NHP) provides the opportunity to overcome critical barriers in the advancement of translational research. Here, we establish the data and scanning condition requirements for achieving reproducible, stable and internally valid areal parcellations at the individual levels, which have good correspondences with previously established postmortem areas; the inclusion of data from two independent imaging sites ensures the reproducibility of our findings. We demonstrate that highly reproducible areal organizations that can be used for fingerprinting can be achieved whether subjects were scanned under anesthesia or awake (rest, naturalistic viewing); though differences between awake and anesthetized states precluded the detection of individual differences across states; individual differences were notably more stable across differing awake states. Comparison of awake and anesthetized states suggested a more nuanced picture of changes in connectivity for higher order association areas, as well as visual cortex. These results establish feasibility and data requirements for the generation of reproducible individual-specific parcellations in NHP, as well provide insights into the impact of scan state on findings.}, URL = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/06/26/155952}, eprint = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/06/26/155952.full.pdf}, journal = {bioRxiv} }