PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Sebastian Lippold
AU  - Hongyang Xu
AU  - Albert Ko
AU  - Mingkun Li
AU  - Gabriel Renaud
AU  - Anne Butthof
AU  - Roland Schröder
AU  - Mark Stoneking
TI  - Human paternal and maternal demographic histories: insights from high-resolution Y chromosome and mtDNA sequences
AID  - 10.1101/001792
DP  - 2014 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 001792
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2014/01/13/001792.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2014/01/13/001792.full
AB  - To investigate in detail the paternal and maternal demographic histories of humans, we obtained ∼500 kb of non-recombining Y chromosome (NRY) sequences and complete mtDNA genome sequences from 623 males from 51 populations in the CEPH Human Genome Diversity Panel (HGDP). Our results: confirm the controversial assertion that genetic differences between human populations on a global scale are bigger for the NRY than for mtDNA; suggest very small ancestral effective population sizes (<100) for the out-of-Africa migration as well as for many human populations; and indicate that the ratio of female effective population size to male effective population size (Nf/Nm) has been greater than one throughout the history of modern humans, and has recently increased due to faster growth in Nf. However, we also find substantial differences in patterns of mtDNA vs. NRY variation in different regional groups; thus, global patterns of variation are not necessarily representative of specific geographic regions.