PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Leonardo de Oliveira Martins
AU  - David Posada
TI  - Infinitely Long Branches and an Informal Test of Common Ancestry
AID  - 10.1101/023903
DP  - 2015 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 023903
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2015/08/04/023903.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2015/08/04/023903.full
AB  - The evidence for universal common ancestry (UCA) is vast and persuasive, and a phylogenetic test was proposed for quantifying its odds against independently originated sequences based on the comparison between one and several trees [1]. This test was successfully applied to a well-supported homologous sequence alignment, being however criticized once simulations showed that even alignments without any phylogenetic structure could mislead its conclusions [2]. Despite claims to the contrary [3], we believe that the counterexample successfully showed a drawback of the test, of relying on good alignments.Here we present a simplified version of this counterexample, which can be interpreted as a tree with arbitrarily long branches, and where the test again fails. We also present another simulation showing circumstances whereby any sufficiently similar alignment will favor UCA irrespective of the true independent origins for the sequences. We therefore conclude that the test should not be trusted unless convergence has already been ruled out a priori. Finally, we present a class of frequentist tests that perform better than the purportedly formal UCA test.