RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Signatures of optimal inference during learning in rat prefrontal cortex JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 027102 DO 10.1101/027102 A1 Abhinav Singh A1 Adrien Peyrache A1 Mark D. Humphries YR 2015 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2015/09/21/027102.abstract AB Cortical population activity may represent sampling from an internal model. Using data from rats learning rules on a maze task, we show that sampling rates of population activity patterns in prefrontal cortex converge between waking and sleep over learning. Sample rate changes were greatest for activity patterns predictive of correct choice and expressed at the choice point. Our results suggest inference-by-sampling is a general computational principle for cortex.