RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Optimizing Real Time fMRI for Neurotherapeutic Discovery and Development JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 003400 DO 10.1101/003400 A1 L. E. Stoeckel A1 K. A. Garrison A1 S. Ghosh A1 P. Wighton A1 C. A. Hanlon A1 J. M. Gilman A1 S. Greer A1 N. B. Turk-Browne A1 M. T. deBettencourt A1 D. Scheinost A1 C. Craddock A1 T. Thompson A1 V. Calderon A1 C. C. Bauer A1 M. George A1 H. C. Breiter A1 S. Whitfield-Gabrieli A1 J. D. Gabrieli A1 S. M. LaConte A1 L. Hirshberg A1 J. A. Brewer A1 M. Hampson A1 A. Van Der Kouwe A1 S. Mackey A1 A. E. Evins YR 2014 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2014/03/21/003400.abstract AB While reducing the burden of brain disorders remains a top priority of organizations like the World Health Organization and National Institutes of Health (BRAIN, 2013), the development of novel, safe and effective treatments for brain disorders has been slow. In this paper, we describe the state of the science for an emerging neurotechnology, real time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rtfMRI). We outline the scientific potential of rtfMRI as well as research strategies to optimize the development and application of rtfMRI as a next generation neurotherapeutic tool. We propose that rtfMRI can be used to deepen our understanding of brain-behavior relationships and inform our efforts to develop more effective therapeutic interventions for individuals with brain disorders. Our overall goal is for rtfMRI to advance personalized assessment and intervention approaches to enhance resilience and reduce morbidity by correcting maladaptive patterns of brain function in those with brain disorders.