The prefrontal cortex subserves executive control – that is, the ability to select actions or
thoughts in relation to internal goals. Here, we propose a theory that draws upon concepts from …

The fields of neuroscience and artificial intelligence (AI) have a long and intertwined history.
In more recent times, however, communication and collaboration between the two fields has …

Visual cognition is limited by computational capacity, because the brain can process only a
fraction of the visual sensorium in detail, and by the inherent ambiguity of the information …

… b, c, The controller also outputs vectors that parameterize one write head (green) and multiple
read heads (two in this case, blue and pink). (A reduced selection of parameters is shown.…

Incoming sensory information is often ambiguous, and the brain has to make decisions during
perception. “Predictive coding” proposes that the brain resolves perceptual ambiguity by …

Stimulus-evoked neural activity is attenuated on stimulus repetition (repetition suppression),
a phenomenon that is attributed to largely automatic processes in sensory neurons. By …

Sensory signals are highly structured in both space and time. These structural regularities in
visual information allow expectations to form about future stimulation, thereby facilitating …

… t with an increment composed of two quantities: δ, a linear drift term that encodes the rate of
evidence accumulation, and cW, Gaussian noise with a mean of zero and a variance of c 2 : …

Recent work in large language modeling (LLMs) has used fine-tuning to align outputs with
the preferences of a prototypical user. This work assumes that human preferences are static …

Visual cortex is traditionally viewed as a hierarchy of neural feature detectors, with neural
population responses being driven by bottom-up stimulus features. Conversely, “predictive …