Prenatal stress and poor maternal mental health are associated with adverse offspring
outcomes; however, the biological mechanisms are unknown. Epigenetic modification has linked …

OBJECTIVE To establish a polyexposure score (PXS) for type 2 diabetes (T2D) incorporating
12 nongenetic exposures and examine whether a PXS and/or a polygenic risk score (PGS) …

Mendelian randomization (MR) is defined as the utilization of genetic variants as instrumental
variables to assess the causal relationship between an exposure and an outcome. By …

Mendelian randomization is a framework that uses measured variation in genes for assessing
and estimating the causal effect of an exposure on an outcome. Multivariable Mendelian …

We conduct a large-scale meta-analysis of heart failure genome-wide association studies (GWAS)
consisting of over 90,000 heart failure cases and more than 1 million control …

Genetic colocalization is an approach for determining whether a genetic variant at a
particular locus is shared across multiple phenotypes. Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) …

Family history is a strong risk factor for many common chronic diseases and summarizes
shared environmental and genetic risk, but how this increased risk is mediated is unknown. We …

Background Family history reflects the complex interplay of genetic susceptibility and shared
environmental exposures and is an important risk factor for obesity, diabetes, and heart and …

We conduct a large-scale meta-analysis of heart failure genome-wide association studies (GWAS)
consisting of over 90,000 heart failure cases and more than 1 million control …

… (d) Traffic on a given plane. Fig. 1. … For a certain dimension k plane formed by nodes {a, b,
c, d}, dimension k unidirectional links {a→b, d→c, b→a, c→d}, and dimension k+1 unidirectional …