Cancer cells preferentially utilize glycolysis, instead of oxidative phosphorylation, for metabolism
even in the presence of oxygen. This phenomenon of aerobic glycolysis, referred to as …

Protons (hydrogen ions) are the simplest form of ions universally produced by cellular metabolism
including aerobic respiration and glycolysis. Export of protons out of cells by a number …

GPR65 (TDAG8) is a proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptor predominantly expressed
in immune cells. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified GPR65 gene …

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has changed the paradigm of non-small cell lung cancer
(NSCLC) with significant improvements in response rates and durability in disease control [1…

GPR4 is a proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptor that can be activated by extracellular
acidosis. It has recently been demonstrated that activation of GPR4 by acidosis increases the …

Cell migration and invasion have essential roles in both normal physiology and disease. As
such, methodologies to assess cell migratory and invasive capacities are necessary to …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic, recurring inflammation of the
digestive tract. Current therapeutic approaches are limited and include biologics and …

GPR4 is a pH-sensing G protein-coupled receptor highly expressed in vascular endothelial
cells and can be activated by protons in the inflamed tissue microenvironment. Herein, we …

Background Extracellular acidosis is a condition found within the tumor microenvironment
due to inadequate blood perfusion, hypoxia, and altered tumor cell metabolism. Acidosis has …

Approximately 10% of cystic fibrosis patients harbor nonsense mutations in the cystic
fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene which can generate nonsense …