The rumen is a complex ecosystem composed of anaerobic bacteria, protozoa, fungi,
methanogenic archaea and phages. These microbes interact closely to breakdown plant material …

… the same diet were fed a similar amount of nisin, changes in ammonia concentration, the
specific activity of deamination or acetate to propionate ratio could not be detected (Mantovani …

… was obtained in the first hour when chitosan and enterocin were used together, in the 8 h
for enterocin alone samples and in the 72 h for chitosan alone samples. The authors …

… cows returned to their preexchange values within 24 h. Ruminal BCC also returned to near
its … its preexchange pH and VFA values within 24 h; the second cow's rumen rapidly stabilized …

… The other half of the gel was fixed (10% acetate/20% 2-propanol, v/v, 30 min) and washed
with MilliQ-H2O (1 h). The gel was then covered with moist Kimwipes (Kimberly Clark), …

… If ruminal fluid was enriched with glucose for 4 h at 39C, streaked on agar plates, and
incubated anaerobically (39C), white and orange colonies were observed after only 18 h. Isolates …

… linear regression of the plot ln A 600 unit versus time (h), at the exponential growth phase. …
The eluant for separation was 5 mM H 2 SO 4 , applied at an elution rate of 0.7 mL min −1 . …

… –135 µM) diluted in MEM, and maintained for 24 h at 37 C in a humidified incubator with 5 %
CO… The plates were then incubated for 4 h at 37 C and the dark blue formazan crystals were …

… Samples of fresh alfalfa and its silages were dried in a forced-air oven at 55C for 72 h, and
… Plates of LAB and enterobacteria were incubated aerobically at 37C for 48 h, and the Y&M …

… If ruminal bacteria were treated with bovicin HC5 for 6 h, the initial rate of methane
production decreased by as much as 53%, and large decreases in methane production were …