The intrastriatal microcircuit is a predominantly inhibitory GABAergic network comprised of a
majority of projection neurons [medium spiny neurons (MSNs)] and a minority of …

The shape, structure and connectivity of nerve cells are important aspects of neuronal function.
Genetic and epigenetic factors that alter neuronal morphology or synaptic localization of …

The neocortex in our brain stores long-term memories by changing the strength of
connections between neurons. To date, the rules and mechanisms that govern activity-induced …

The basal ganglia play an important role in decision making and selection of action primarily
based on input from cortex, thalamus, and the dopamine system. Their main input structure, …

Throughout our lifetime, activity-dependent changes in neuronal connection strength
enable the brain to refine neural circuits and learn based on experience. Synapses can bi-…

Chronic neurodegenerative syndromes such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, or
acute syndromes such as ischemic stroke or traumatic brain injuries are characterized by …

Generation of neuronal cultures from induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) serve the studies
of human brain disorders. However we lack neuronal networks with balanced excitatory-…

A hallmark pattern of activity in developing nervous systems is spontaneous, synchronized
network activity. Synchronized activity has been observed in intact spinal cord, brainstem, …

In the striatal microcircuit, fast-spiking (FS) interneurons have an important role in mediating
inhibition onto neighboring medium spiny (MS) projection neurons. In this study, we …

The basal ganglia are important for action initiation, selection, and motor learning. The input
level, the striatum, receives input preferentially from the cortex and thalamus and is to 95% …