Cancers emerge from an ongoing Darwinian evolutionary process, often leading to multiple
competing subclones within a single primary tumour 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 . This evolutionary process …

Cancer develops as a result of somatic mutation and clonal selection, but quantitative
measures of selection in cancer evolution are lacking. We adapted methods from molecular …

Multiple myeloma is an incurable plasma cell malignancy with a complex and incompletely
understood molecular pathogenesis. Here we use whole-exome sequencing, copy-number …

Age-related change in human haematopoiesis causes reduced regenerative capacity 1 ,
cytopenias 2 , immune dysfunction 3 and increased risk of blood cancer 4 , 5 – 6 , but the …

Mutations in cancer-associated genes drive tumour outgrowth, but our knowledge of the timing
of driver mutations and subsequent clonal dynamics is limited 1 , 2 – 3 . Here, using whole…

Over the course of an individual’s lifetime, normal human cells accumulate mutations 1 . Here
we compare the mutational landscape in 29 cell types from the soma and germline using …

All normal somatic cells are thought to acquire mutations, but understanding of the rates,
patterns, causes and consequences of somatic mutations in normal cells is limited. The uterine …

Multiple signatures of somatic mutations have been identified in cancer genomes. Exome
sequences of 1,001 human cancer cell lines and 577 xenografts revealed most common …

Richter transformation (RT) is a paradigmatic evolution of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
into a very aggressive large B cell lymphoma conferring a dismal prognosis. The …

Intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) is a mechanism of therapeutic resistance and therefore an
important clinical challenge. However, the extent, origin, and drivers of ITH across cancer …