A novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19, has created a global pandemic in 2020, posing an
enormous challenge to healthcare systems and affected communities. COVID-19 is caused …

… variation in capacity for oxygen metabolism is the central mechanistic determinant of the
divide between complex disease and health, which we termed the aerobic hypothesis (Koch …

The evolution of biological complexity beyond single‐celled organisms was linked
temporally with the development of an oxygen atmosphere. Functionally, this linkage can be …

In humans, the strong statistical association between fitness and survival suggests a link
between impaired oxygen metabolism and disease. We hypothesized that artificial selection of …

A low maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o 2max ) is a strong risk factor for premature mortality.
Supervised endurance exercise training increases V̇o 2max with a very wide range of …

Artificial selection for intrinsic aerobic endurance running capacity was started using genetically
heterogeneous N:NIH stock of rats as a founder population (n = 168). Selection for low …

The molecular pathways that are activated and contribute to physiological remodeling of
skeletal muscle in response to endurance exercise have not been fully characterized. We …

… In 1996, Koch and Britton 8 started large-scale artificial selective breeding to develop rats
that have low intrinsic aerobic treadmill running capacity (LCR). This model has over the …

… from 646 to 869 m (change, 223 ± 20 m), whereas rats bred as LRT decreased from 620 to
555 m (change, −65 ± 15 m) after completing the same absolute amount of training (Koch et al…

… Overall, the LRT and HRT models of Koch and Britton provide strong evidence that selection
for the gain in CRF as assessed by ∆DIST is independent of initial exercise capacity and …