The insula is a brain structure implicated in disparate cognitive, affective, and regulatory
functions, including interoceptive awareness, emotional responses, and empathic processes. …

The brain is constantly bombarded by stimuli, and the relative salience of these inputs
determines which are more likely to capture attention. A brain system known as the 'salience …

The insular cortex, or “Island of Reil,” is hidden deep within the lateral sulcus of the brain.
Subdivisions within the insula have been identified on the basis of cytoarchitectonics, sulcal …

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) represent a formidable challenge for psychiatry and
neuroscience because of their high prevalence, lifelong nature, complexity and substantial …

Increased intraindividual variability (IIV) is a hallmark of disorders of attention. Recent work
has linked these disorders to abnormalities in a “default mode” network, comprising brain …

The default mode network (DMN), based in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and
posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), exhibits higher metabolic activity at rest than during …

BACKGROUND: Pathophysiologic models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
have focused on frontal-striatal circuitry with alternative hypotheses relatively unexplored. …

Evidence from macaque monkey tracing studies suggests connectivity-based subdivisions
within the precuneus, offering predictions for similar subdivisions in the human. Here we …

Classically regarded as motor structures, the basal ganglia subserve a wide range of functions,
including motor, cognitive, motivational, and emotional processes. Consistent with this …

Recent years have witnessed an upsurge in the usage of resting-state functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine functional connectivity (fcMRI), both in normal and …