Biological organisms learn from interactions with their environment throughout their lifetime.
For artificial systems to successfully act and adapt in the real world, it is desirable to similarly …

Replay is the reactivation of one or more neural patterns that are similar to the activation
patterns experienced during past waking experiences. Replay was first observed in biological …

Plasticity is a universal property of synapses. It is expressed in a variety of forms mediated by
a multitude of mechanisms. Here we consider two broad kinds of plasticity that differ in their …

We discuss nine palinspastic geological maps (Plates 1–9), at 1 20,000,000 scale, which
depict the evolution of the Tethys belt from the Pliensbachian (190 Ma) to the Tortonian (10 Ma)…

… a mean V m of –62 mV and a mean R in of 22 MΩ, the neurons in cortical slabs displayed a
more negative V m and a much higher R in . The more negative V m and large increase in R …

… where C m ,g L are the membrane capacitance and the leakage conductance of the dendritic
… N PY, M IN, L RE, and L TC cells. In most simulations we used N = 100, M = 25, and L = 50. …

… Spike times during each trial, are indicated by tick marks above V m . Voltage traces for
multiple trials with the same stimulus are superimposed to illustrate consistency with one trace …

… (area 4) with micropipettes filled with 0.5 m potassium acetate. We obtained local field …
intracellular recordings with pipettes filled with 2 m potassium acetate from the motor cortex and …

… responses for different stimuli (Bazhenov et al., 2001). In the next paper (Bazhenov et al.,
2001), we will show model where IK(Ca) in all LNs was blocked, thus eliminating spike …

Three new Middle–Late Ordovician and two new Early Carboniferous paleomagnetic poles
have been obtained from the North Tien Shan Zone (NTZ) of the Ural–Mongol belt in …