Molecular phylogenetic studies have resolved placental mammals into four major groups,
but have not established the full hierarchy of interordinal relationships, including the position …

… For the ELVOCs we assumed molecular mass m v = 300 Da, ρ v = 1.5 g cm −3 and d v =
0.9 nm. With these assumptions, an ELVOC concentration of 1 ppt corresponds to a GR of …

Previous analyses of relations, divergence times, and diversification patterns among extant
mammalian families have relied on supertree methods and local molecular clocks. We …

BioNumbers ( http://www.bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu ) is a database of key numbers in
molecular and cell biology—the quantitative properties of biological systems of interest to …

Bats make up more than 20% of extant mammals, yet their evolutionary history is largely
unknown because of a limited fossil record and conflicting or incomplete phylogenies. Here, we …

Birds are the most species-rich class of tetrapod vertebrates and have wide relevance across
many research fields. We explored bird macroevolution using full genomes from 48 avian …

Unlike during development, blood vessels in the adult are generally thought not to require
VEGF for normal function. However, VEGF is a survival factor for many tumor vessels, and …

Background—Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is being investigated for therapeutic
angiogenesis in ischemic myocardium. Primarily, transient delivery systems have been …

Competing hypotheses for the timing of the placental mammal radiation focus on whether
extant placental orders originated and diversified before or after the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) …

Higher level relationships among placental mammals, as well as the historical biogeography
and morphological diversification of this group, remain unclear 1 , 2 , 3 . Here we analyse …