Research into Heliconius butterflies has made a significant contribution to evolutionary
biology. Here, we review our understanding of the diversification of these butterflies, covering …

Studies of the genetic basis of adaptive changes in natural populations are now addressing
questions that date back to the beginning of evolutionary biology, such as whether evolution …

Most speciation events probably occur gradually, without complete and immediate reproductive
isolation, but the full extent of gene flow between diverging species has rarely been …

… of lesser snow geese across North America (12). All blue geese sampled (N = 91) were
heterozygous or homozygous for the Met 85 allele, whereas all white geese (N = 116), were …

Heliconius butterflies represent a recent radiation of species, in which wing pattern divergence
has been implicated in speciation. Several loci that control wing pattern phenotypes have …

Although animals display a rich variety of shapes and patterns, the genetic changes that
explain how complex forms arise are still unclear. Here we take advantage of the extensive …

Butterflies display some of the most striking examples of structural colour in nature. These
colours originate from cuticular scales that cover the wing surface, which have evolved a …

The wing patterns of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) are diverse and striking examples
of evolutionary diversification by natural selection 1 , 2 . Lepidopteran wing colour patterns …

The H eliconius butterflies are a diverse recent radiation comprising multiple levels of
divergence with ongoing gene flow between species. The recently sequenced genome of H …

An important goal in evolutionary biology is to understand the genetic changes underlying
novel morphological structures. We investigated the origins of a complex wing pattern found …