Vertical transmission (VT) and horizontal transmission (HT) of pathogens refer to parental
and non-parental chains of host-to-host transmission. Combining HT with VT enlarges …

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are mainly transmitted horizontally among vertebrate
hosts by blood-feeding invertebrate vectors, but can also be transmitted vertically in the …

… On the basis of these considerations, our substantially older MeV-RPV divergence estimate
provides grounds for sketching a new model of MeV’s evolutionary history. Under this …

… The thermocycling program consisted of 2 min at 95 C, 35 cycles of 30 s at 95 C, 30 s at 60
C, and 30 s at 72 C with a final extension step of 7 min at 72 C. Amplicons were visualized by …

… The lysate was centrifuged 15-30 s at 21,100g and incubated at room temperature (20-25
C) for at least 20 min. Subsequently, 0.5-1 μL of lysate was used directly into a 20-μl PCR …

… To identify the subunit(s) responsible for this difference, we determined the effect of swapping
single polymerase subunits between BM and MU-162 (Fig. 2b). The introduction of PA …

… S d is the number of synonymous substitutions in the sequence, S s is the number of
synonymous sites, N d is the number of non-synonymous substitutions in the sequence and N s is …

… ) following the manufacturer’s guidelines and a reverse primer … to the manufacturer’s
instructions with primers located at … ) according to the manufacturer’s instructions to produce large …

Computational analyses of pathogen genomes are increasingly used to unravel the
dispersal history and transmission dynamics of epidemics. Here, we show how to go beyond …

… The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative
Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included …