For single-cell and multicellular systems to survive, they must accurately sense and respond
to their cellular and extracellular environment. Light is a nearly ubiquitous environmental …

… The right of Dr Seán Crosson to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by
him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. …

LOV (light, oxygen or voltage) domains are protein photosensors that are conserved in
bacteria, archaea, plants and fungi, and detect blue light via a flavin cofactor. LOV domains are …

The phototropins are flavoprotein kinases that control phototropic bending, light-induced
chloroplast movement, and stomatal opening in plants. Two flavin mononucleotide binding light…

Phototropin, a major blue-light receptor for phototropism in seed plants, exhibits blue-light-dependent
autophosphorylation and contains two light, oxygen, or voltage (LOV) domains …

Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domains occur in proteins from all kingdoms of life. In the bacterial kingdom,
PAS domains are commonly positioned at the amino terminus of signaling proteins such …

Bacteria inhabit enormously diverse niches and have a correspondingly large array of
regulatory mechanisms to adapt to often inhospitable and variable environments. The stringent …

Interacting proteins typically coevolve, and the identification of coevolving amino acids can
pinpoint residues required for interaction specificity. This approach often assumes that an …

Access to experimental X-ray diffraction image data is fundamental for validation and
reproduction of macromolecular models and indispensable for development of structural biology …

The phototropins constitute an important class of plant photoreceptor kinases that control a
range of physiological responses, including phototropism, light-directed chloroplast …