While many efforts have been made to pave the way toward human space colonization, little
consideration has been given to the methods of protecting spacefarers against harsh …

Abstract Characterization of the progression of cellular states during human embryogenesis
can provide insights into the origin of pediatric diseases. We examined the transcriptional …

Longitudinal bone growth in children is sustained by growth plates, narrow discs of cartilage
that provide a continuous supply of chondrocytes for endochondral ossification 1 . However, …

Signalling pathway activation analysis is a powerful approach for extracting biologically relevant
features from large-scale transcriptomic and proteomic data. However, modern pathway-…

The three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) represents a convenient model to study
microevolution—adaptation to a freshwater environment. Although genetic adaptations to …

Cell fate decisions during early B cell activation determine the outcome of responses to
pathogens and vaccines. We examined the early B cell response to T-dependent antigen in mice …

Glial cells have been proposed as a source of neural progenitors, but the mechanisms
underpinning the neurogenic potential of adult glia are not known. Using single cell …

Immature multipotent embryonic peripheral glial cells, the Schwann cell precursors (SCPs),
differentiate into melanocytes, parasympathetic neurons, chromaffin cells, and dental …

Adrenal glands are the major organs releasing catecholamines and regulating our stress
response. The mechanisms balancing generation of adrenergic chromaffin cells and protecting …

The generation of high-affinity antibodies against pathogens and vaccines requires the
germinal center (GC) reaction, which relies on a complex interplay between specialized effector …