… c | When biofilms contain mixed lineages at a high population density, interactions are
expected to be predominantly antagonistic, although interstrain commensalism or mutualism is …

… (c) Natural biofilms such as those found on riverbeds can contain many species (cyanobacteria
in pink, green algae in blue, EPS in green; courtesy of T. Neu). (d) Different species in a …

… C. crescentus cells can withstand shear stresses as high as 1 MPa (their typical surface …
(C) (Left) C. crescentus reorients in the direction of the flow when growing on surfaces (Persat et …

Bacteria have fascinating and diverse social lives. They display coordinated group behaviors
regulated by quorum-sensing systems that detect the density of other bacteria around them…

… and incur a fold decrease in growth rate of C x R E , where C is a cost scaling factor and R
E is the enzyme production rate. In our main analysis, B = 3, C = 0.3, and R E ranges from 0 to …

… to a central frequency of f 0 = c/λ 0 = c/p = 1.38 THz, where c = 2.99792 × 10 8 m/s is the speed
… C. Nadell and W. Padilla acknowledge support from the Department of Energy (DOE) (DE-…

… (C) Cell divisions in shaking cultures grown on solid chitin. Red and blue bars are data from
… The conception and broad outline of this study are due to C. Nadell. We are thankful to G. …

Throughout their evolutionary history, bacteria have faced diverse threats from other
microorganisms, including competing bacteria, bacteriophages and predators. In response to these …

… Phages were separated from cell debris by centrifugation for 10 min at 8,000g (4 C). The …
to precipitate overnight at 4 C. After centrifugation for 15 min at 8,000g (4 C) the phages were …

… Experiments were conducted at 30 C under static conditions using M9 minimal medium …
assays were back-diluted 1:100, incubated at 30 C for 3 h, and normalized to OD 600 =1.0. The …