Over the past decades numerous studies have reported declines in stony corals and, in
many cases, phase shifts to fleshy macroalgae. However, long-term studies documenting …

Tropical coral reefs are among the most biologically diverse and economically important
ecosystems on earth. Nevertheless, we found dramatic changes in coral communities on the …

Regeneration is an essential process for all multicellular organisms, allowing them to recover
effectively from internal and external injury. This process has been studied extensively in a …

… per unit of infested substrate as defined by De Bakker et al. (2018). Cover for all excavating
sponges was measured within 50 cm on both sides of the transect line (10 m 2 in total). …

Health of tropical coral reefs depends largely on the balance between constructive (calcification
and cementation) and destructive forces (mechanical-chemical degradation). Gradual …

Excavating sponges are among the most important macro-eroders of carbonate substrates
in marine systems. Their capacity to remove substantial amounts of limestone makes these …

Saba Bank, a submerged atoll in the Caribbean Sea with an area of 2,200 km 2 , has attained
international conservation status due to the rich diversity of species that reside on the bank…

Coral reefs are declining worldwide. The abundance of corals has decreased alongside a
rise of filter feeders, turf, and algae in response to intensifying human pressures. This shift in …

Caecilians (order Gymnophiona) are elongate, limbless, snake‐like amphibians that are the
sister‐group (closest relatives) of all other recent amphibians (frogs and salamanders). Little …

… Cite this article Bart MC, de Vet SJ, de Bakker DM, Alexander BE, van Oevelen D, van Loon
EE, van Loon JJWA, de Goeij JM. Spiculous skeleton formation in the freshwater sponge …