… For simplicity, we use “pixel” for both the 2-D and 3-D cases. … is a 2-D object folded in 3-D
space, segmentation on a surface cannot be treated as a standard 2-D or 3-D problem. The …

… In the above equation, D guide is the diameter of the guide, D init_min is the minimum …
, the diameter of the electrode was D init =0.146±0.002 mm, thus D init_min =0.144 mm, and …

This paper reviews the literature on the emerging digital technologies of Industry 4.0 (I4.0)
focussed on the applicability of the Internet of Things (IoT), Virtual Reality (VR) and …

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a new population-based search algorithm called
the Bees Algorithm (BA). This algorithm mimics the food foraging behavior of swarms of …

Age-related loss of brain tissue has been inferred from cross-sectional neuroimaging studies,
but direct measurements of gray and white matter changes from longitudinal studies are …

This book covers four optimisation techniques loosely classified as" intelligent": genetic
algorithms, tabu search, simulated annealing and neural networks.• Genetic algorithms (GAs) …

… 2-D AFCM to three-dimensional (3-D) multispectral images. Because of the potential size of
3-D … We show, using simulated MR data, that 3-D AFCM yields lower error rates than both the …

Until recently, prototypes had to be constructed by skilled model makers from 2D engineering
drawings. This is a time-consuming and expensive process. With the advent of new layer …

… Boxed area in B is shown at higher magnification in D. E, Tbr2 (green) and Tbr1 (red). All
three TFs were expressed in the neocortex (nctx) and eminentia thalami (emt). …

Purpose: In patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), mutations in the epidermal
growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase domain have been associated with sensitivity to …