… force that powers F 0 is sufficiently large, the torque generated by F 0 exceeds that of F 1 , and
… can result in excess torque generated by F 1 over F 0 , and the resulting counterclockwise …

There is keen interest in generating intense, coherent, soft-X-ray beams for scientific and
measurement applications 1 . Here, we report the demonstration of soft-X-ray lasers with …

Optical tweezers are tools made of light that enable contactless pushing, trapping, and
manipulation of objects, ranging from atoms to space light sails. Since the pioneering work by …

… the experimentally measured values for C(F) at low F, the third-order approximation provides
… Alternatively, we can consider the power spectral density S(f) of the fluctuations that can be …

An all-optical delay line based on the lateral drift of cavity solitons in semiconductor
microresonators is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The functionalities of the device …

The bacterial flagellar motor (BFM) is the rotary motor that rotates each bacterial flagellum,
powering the swimming and swarming of many motile bacteria. The torque is provided by …

… , F is the Faraday constant, and T is the temperature (2.3RT/F ≃ 60 mV at T = 300K). The
IMF is maintained out of equilibrium in respiring cells by transmembrane (TM) complexes that …

… The free energy F of a particle in the SW model is given by [23] … Wiggin, JWJ Kerssemakers,
F. Pedaci, and NH Dekker, Freely orbiting magnetic tweezers to directly monitor changes in …

… 3(f) we observe that the pattern covers the whole transverse plane (except for the “dark
region” at the right border of the … (a)–(f) Average intensity profiles calculated taking into …

Pushing the limits to the nanometer level, however, has proven challenging. The only
known method for trapping fluorescent nanoparticles such as single molecules uses a time-varying …