Many oomycete and fungal plant pathogens are obligate biotrophs, which extract nutrients
only from living plant tissue and cannot grow apart from their hosts. Although these pathogens …

Oomycete phytopathogens have adapted to colonise plants using effectors as their molecular
weapons. Intracellular effectors, mostly proteins but also small ribonucleic acids, are …

Accumulation of free L-proline (Pro) is a typical stress response incited by osmotic injuries in
plants and microorganisms. Although the protective role of Pro in osmotic stress is not well …

… (G) Immunoblot of proteins extracted from two independent lines expressing GFP-MED19a.
Stars indicate the expected size for GFP-MED19a. Notice the upper bands in the blot that …

Oomycete pathogens cause diverse plant diseases. To successfully colonize their hosts,
they deliver a suite of effector proteins that can attenuate plant defenses. In the oomycete …

… (g) Alignment for protein encoded by ATR13, HaRxL45 and HaRxL9 alleles. The RxLR motif
… (g) GFP–HaRxL77 localizes to the PM in infected cells. (h) GFP–HaRxL17 localizes around …

Plants have evolved strong innate immunity mechanisms, but successful pathogens evade
or suppress plant immunity via effectors delivered into the plant cell. Hyaloperonospora …

Several empirical studies have established the relationship between economic freedom, civil
liberties and political rights, and economic growth. Nevertheless, few studies analyze the …

… Fluids from several females were pooled and centrifuged at 3000 × g for 10 min, keeping
the supernatant at −20C until utilization. The total protein concentration, determined by the …

Background Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) may increase the risk of thrombotic
events of endocrine therapy (ET) in women with hormone-sensitive, HER2-negative …