In this review, we highlight recent work that has increased our understanding of the production
and distribution of Shiga toxin in the environment. Specifically, we review studies that …

Bacterially derived exotoxins kill eukaryotic cells by inactivating factors and/or pathways that
are universally conserved among eukaryotic organisms. The genes that encode these …

… bonds with the bases of a conserved G‐G‐A sequence, but the … bending, correlated with the
A/T vs G/C content of the DNA in … For example, inserting G/C‐rich sequences into the binding …

The repressor of phage 434 binds to six operator sites on the phage chromosome 1–3 . A
comparison of the sequences of these 14-base-pair (bp) operator sites 3 reveals a striking …

… of the terminal base pairs is a G·C base pair and the other is an A·T base pair. The R-factor
and R free values as well as the difference density indicate a best fit with the G·C base pair in …

… We thank the members of the Koudelka lab and Drs Todd Hennessey and Steve Free of our
department for critical reading of the manuscript. We certify that there is no conflict of interest …

… Overnight cultures were diluted till OD 600 of 0.005 in LB medium (10 g/L tryptone, 5 g/L
yeast extract, 5 g/L NaCl) and cells were grown at 37 C, 180 rpm to an OD 600 of 0.4–0.6. After …

… times by centrifugation at 4,000 × g for 5 min and resuspended in … g and the phage-containing
supernatant was sterilized by addition of chloroform, followed by centrifugation at 8,000 × g…

… We determined the effect of changing base pairs 7 and 8 from TAAT to G C-C'G in the
presence of two sequence contexts at positions 6 and 9. Fig. shows that changing the TAAT base …

… Although these four base pairs are not in contact with represser 4,5 , operators with A·T or
T·A base pairs at these positions bind represser more strongly than those bearing C·G or G·C …