As the Arctic warms, vegetation is responding, and satellite measures indicate widespread
greening at high latitudes. This ‘greening of the Arctic’ is among the world’s most important …

Ecology Letters (2011) Abstract Understanding the sensitivity of tundra vegetation to climate
warming is critical to forecasting future biodiversity and vegetation feedbacks to climate. In …

Tundra vegetation productivity and composition are responding rapidly to climatic changes
in the Arctic. These changes can, in turn, mitigate or amplify permafrost thaw. In this Review, …

Recent research using repeat photography, long-term ecological monitoring and
dendrochronology has documented shrub expansion in arctic, high-latitude and alpine tundra …

Rapid climate warming in the tundra biome has been linked to increasing shrub dominance
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 . Shrub expansion can modify climate by altering surface albedo, energy and …

Background E-cigarettes are commonly used in attempts to stop smoking, but evidence is
limited regarding their effectiveness as compared with that of nicotine products approved as …

… 2) as temperatures across the monitoring locations do not differ substantially across these
relatively flat upland or floodplain locations (IH Myers-Smith and HJ D Thomas, unpublished …

Temperature is increasing at unprecedented rates across most of the tundra biome 1 .
Remote-sensing data indicate that contemporary climate warming has already resulted in …

The tundra is warming more rapidly than any other biome on Earth, and the potential ramifications
are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and climate. …

Global biodiversity is in decline. This is of concern for aesthetic and ethical reasons, but
possibly also for practical reasons, as suggested by experimental studies, mostly with plants, …