We generated genome-wide data from 69 Europeans who lived between 8,000–3,000 years
ago by enriching ancient DNA libraries for a target set of almost 400,000 polymorphisms. …

Ancient DNA makes it possible to observe natural selection directly by analysing samples
from populations before, during and after adaptation events. Here we report a genome-wide …

From around 2750 to 2500 bc, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and
central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 bc. The forces that propelled …

The importance of commensal microbes for human health is increasingly recognized 1 , 2 ,
3 , 4 , 5 , yet the impacts of evolutionary changes in human diet and culture on commensal …

Anyone who wants to understand the biological nature of humans and their special characteristics
must look far back into evolutionary history. Today’s way of life is drastically different …

Farming was first introduced to Europe in the mid-seventh millennium bc, and was associated
with migrants from Anatolia who settled in the southeast before spreading throughout …

The ancestry of modern Europeans is a subject of debate among geneticists, archaeologists,
and anthropologists. A crucial question is the extent to which Europeans are descended …

In Europe, the Neolithic transition (8,000–4,000 b.c.) from hunting and gathering to agricultural
communities was one of the most important demographic events since the initial peopling …

Recent genomic data have revealed multiple interactions between Neanderthals and modern
humans 1 , but there is currently little genetic evidence regarding Neanderthal behaviour, …

Studies of patterns of activity in human skeletal remains have grown in number over the last
few years. Different methods have been used to reconstruct activity patterns in past …