The agents of human treponematoses include four closely related members of the genus
Treponema : three subspecies of Treponema pallidum plus Treponema carateum . T. pallidum …

Studies using the European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus contributed to elucidating numerous
fundamental aspects of antibody structure and diversification mechanisms and continue to …

This review explores the therapeutic challenges of sexually transmitted infections (STI) in
Europe, which include increasing antimicrobial resistance and limited progress in drug …

The abrupt onslaught of the syphilis pandemic that started in the late fifteenth century
established this devastating infectious disease as one of the most feared in human history 1. …

Pathogens that cause chronic infections often employ antigenic variation to evade the
immune response and persist in the host. In Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum), the causative …

In spite of its immutable susceptibility to penicillin, Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum) subsp.
pallidum continues to cause millions of cases of syphilis each year worldwide, resulting in …

… homology divides the tpr family, a group of twelve paralogs, into three subfamilies: Subfamily
I (tpr C, D, F and I), Subfamily II (tprE, G and J) and Subfamily III (tprA, B, H, K and L). As we …

The incidence of syphilis has risen worldwide in the last decade in spite of being an easily
treated infection. The causative agent of this sexually transmitted disease is the bacterium …

… paraluiscuniculi, Cuniculi A strain (9 to 10 A's) (L. Giacani, unpublished data). Equally … ,
the presence of tprK mRNA during infection (Giacani, unpublished), and the fact that antibodies …

Despite more than a century of research, genetic manipulation of Treponema pallidum subsp.
pallidum (T. pallidum), the causative agent of syphilis, has not been successful. The lack of …