This biennial Review summarizes much of Particle Physics. Using data from previous editions,
plus 1726 new measurements from 512 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured …

… , namely exp [x(A+B)]=S m (x)+O(x m+1 ) for any positive integer m, where S m (x)=e t1A e t2B
e t3A e … The decomposition exp[x(A+B)]=[S m (x/n)] n +O(x m+1 /n m ) yields a new efficient …

The partition function of a quantal spin system is expressed by that of the Ising model, on
the basis of the generalized Trotter formula. Thereby the ground state of the d-dimensional …

… It is easily seen from this theorem that the error S,,~(x) becomes extremely small for large n
and m. The convergence of en,m(x) with respect to the series m (or n) for a large fixed n (or m…

The genomes of many animals, plants and fungi are tagged by methylation of DNA cytosine.
To understand the biological significance of this epigenetic mark it is essential to know …

IL (interleukin)-6, which was originally identified as a B-cell differentiation factor, is a
multifunctional cytokine that regulates the immune response, haemopoiesis, the acute phase …

… In the present article, we review the progress in the last two decades of the work on the
Suzuki-Trotter decomposition, or the exponential product formula. The simplest Suzuki-Trotter …

Six DNA regions were evaluated as potential DNA barcodes for Fungi, the second largest
kingdom of eukaryotic life, by a multinational, multilaboratory consortium. The region of the …

Antisense transcription (transcription from the opposite strand to a protein-coding or sense
strand) has been ascribed roles in gene regulation involving degradation of the …

The objective of this study was to determine whether endogenous nitric oxide (NO) inhibits
leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium. This was accomplished by superfusing a cat …