Abstract
Somatosensory neuroprostheses exploit invasive and non-invasive feedback technologies to restore sensorimotor functions lost to disease or trauma. These devices use electrical stimulation to communicate sensory information to the brain. A sensation characterization procedure is thus necessary to determine the appropriate stimulation parameters and to establish a clear personalized map of the sensations that can be restored. Several questionnaires have been described in the literature to collect the quality, type, location and intensity of the evoked sensations, but there is still no standard psychometric platform. Here we propose a new psychometric system containing previously validated questionnaires on evoked sensations, which can be applied to any kind of somatosensory neuroprosthesis. The platform collects stimulation parameters used to elicit sensations; records subjects’ percepts in terms of sensation location, type, quality, perceptual threshold, and intensity. It further collects data using standardized assessment questionnaires and scales, performs measurements over time, and collects phantom limb pain syndrome data. The psychometric platform is user-friendly and provides clinicians with all the information needed to assess the sensory feedback. The psychometric platform was validated with three trans-radial amputees. They platform was used to assess intraneural sensory feedback provided through implanted peripheral nerve interfaces. The proposed platform could act as a new standardized assessment toolbox to homogenize the reporting of results obtained with different technologies in the field of somatosensory neuroprosthetics.
Competing Interest Statement
Francesco Petrini, Stanisa Raspopovic, and Silvestro Micera hold shares of Sensars Neuroprosthetics Sarl, a start-up company dealing with potential commercialization of neurocontrolled artificial limbs. The other authors do not have anything to disclose.
Footnotes
List of abbreviations
- App
- Application
- ASQ
- After-Scenario Questionnaire
- CNS
- Central Nervous System
- CSV
- Comma-Separated Values
- FDA
- Food and Drug Administration
- GUI
- Graphical User Interface
- HTTP
- Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol
- JSON
- JavaScript Object Notation
- LF
- Local Fill-in
- MDR
- European Medical Device Regulation (MDR)
- MVC
- Model View Controller
- NAU
- Nielsen’s Attributes of Usability
- NPSI
- Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory
- ODF
- On Demand Fill-in
- ORM
- Object-Relational Mapping
- PLP
- Phantom Limb Pain
- PNS
- Peripheral Nervous System
- Q-(1-9)
- Question-number (#)
- QUIS
- Questionnaire User Interface Satisfaction
- SUS
- System Usability Scale
- UI/UX
- User Interface/User Experience
- VAS
- Visual Analog Scale