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Stem cells in a colonial animal with localized growth zones

Stefan Siebert, Freya E. Goetz, Samuel H. Church, Pathikrit Bhattacharyya, Felipe Zapata, Steven H.D. Haddock, Casey W. Dunn
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/001685
Stefan Siebert
1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, United States of America
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Freya E. Goetz
1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, United States of America
2Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, 20004, United States of America
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Samuel H. Church
1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, United States of America
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Pathikrit Bhattacharyya
1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, United States of America
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Felipe Zapata
1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, United States of America
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Steven H.D. Haddock
3Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California, 95039, United States of America
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Casey W. Dunn
1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, United States of America
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Abstract

Summary Siphonophores (Hydrozoa) have unparalleled colony-level complexity, precision of organization, and functional specialization between zooids (i.e., the units that make up colonies). Previous work has shown that, unlike other colonial animals, most growth in siphonophores is restricted to one or two well-defined growth zones that are the sites of both elongation and zooid budding. To understand this unique growth at the cellular level, we characterize the distribution of interstitial stem cells (i-cells) in the siphonophore Nanomia bijuga. Within the colony we find that i-cells are present at the tips of the growth zones, at well-defined sites where new zooid buds will arise, and in the youngest zooid buds. As each zooid matures, i-cells become progressively restricted to specific regions until they are mostly absent from the oldest zooids. We find no evidence of the migratory i-cells that have been observed in colonial cnidarian relatives. The restriction of i-cells to particular developing structures and sites of growth suggest a plant-like model of growth for siphonophores, where the growth zones function much like meristems. This spatial restriction of stem cells could also explain the precision of colony-level organization in siphonophores as a consequence of restricted growth potential.

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Posted January 06, 2014.
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Stem cells in a colonial animal with localized growth zones
Stefan Siebert, Freya E. Goetz, Samuel H. Church, Pathikrit Bhattacharyya, Felipe Zapata, Steven H.D. Haddock, Casey W. Dunn
bioRxiv 001685; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/001685
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Stem cells in a colonial animal with localized growth zones
Stefan Siebert, Freya E. Goetz, Samuel H. Church, Pathikrit Bhattacharyya, Felipe Zapata, Steven H.D. Haddock, Casey W. Dunn
bioRxiv 001685; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/001685

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