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Secondary contact and local adaptation contribute to genome-wide patterns of clinal variation in Drosophila melanogaster

Alan O. Bergland, Ray Tobler, Josefa González, Paul Schmidt, Dmitri Petrov
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/009084
Alan O. Bergland
1Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020
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Ray Tobler
1Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020
2Institut für Populationsgenetik, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna A-1210, Austria
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Josefa González
1Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020
3Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra). Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta 37-49. 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Paul Schmidt
4Department of Biology, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Dmitri Petrov
1Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020
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Abstract

Populations arrayed along broad latitudinal gradients often show patterns of clinal variation in phenotype and genotype. Such population differentiation can be generated and maintained by historical demographic events and local adaptation. These evolutionary forces are not mutually exclusive and, moreover, can in some cases produce nearly identical patterns of genetic differentiation among populations. Here, we investigate the evolutionary forces that generated and maintain clinal variation genome-wide among populations of Drosophila melanogaster sampled in North America and Australia. We contrast patterns of clinal variation in these continents with patterns of differentiation among ancestral European and African populations. Using established and novel methods we derive here, we show that recently derived North America and Australia populations were likely founded by both European and African lineages and that this admixture event contributed to genome-wide patterns of parallel clinal variation. The pervasive effects of admixture meant that only a handful of loci could be attributed to the operation of spatially varying selection using an FST outlier approach. Our results provide novel insight into the well-studied system of clinal differentiation in D. melanogaster and provide a context for future studies seeking to identify loci contributing to local adaptation in a wide variety of organisms, including other invasive species as well as some temperate endemics.

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Posted January 06, 2015.
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Secondary contact and local adaptation contribute to genome-wide patterns of clinal variation in Drosophila melanogaster
Alan O. Bergland, Ray Tobler, Josefa González, Paul Schmidt, Dmitri Petrov
bioRxiv 009084; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/009084
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Secondary contact and local adaptation contribute to genome-wide patterns of clinal variation in Drosophila melanogaster
Alan O. Bergland, Ray Tobler, Josefa González, Paul Schmidt, Dmitri Petrov
bioRxiv 009084; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/009084

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