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The origin and evolution of maize in the American Southwest

Rute R. da Fonseca, Bruce D. Smith, Nathan Wales, Enrico Cappellini, Pontus Skoglund, Matteo Fumagalli, José Alfredo Samaniego, Christian Carøe, María C. Ávila-Arcos, David E. Hufnagel, Thorfinn Sand Korneliussen, Filipe Garrett Vieira, Mattias Jakobsson, Bernardo Arriaza, Eske Willerslev, Rasmus Nielsen, Matthew B. Hufford, Anders Albrechtsen, Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra, M. Thomas P. Gilbert
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/013540
Rute R. da Fonseca
1Centre for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
2The Bioinformatics Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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  • For correspondence: rute.r.da.fonseca@gmail.com mtpgilbert@gmail.com
Bruce D. Smith
3Program in Human Ecology and Archaeobiology, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., USA.
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Nathan Wales
1Centre for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Enrico Cappellini
1Centre for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Pontus Skoglund
4Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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Matteo Fumagalli
5Department of Integrative Biology and Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
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José Alfredo Samaniego
1Centre for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Christian Carøe
1Centre for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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María C. Ávila-Arcos
1Centre for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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David E. Hufnagel
9Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, USA.
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Thorfinn Sand Korneliussen
1Centre for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Filipe Garrett Vieira
5Department of Integrative Biology and Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
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Mattias Jakobsson
6Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
7Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Bernardo Arriaza
8Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile.
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Eske Willerslev
1Centre for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Rasmus Nielsen
1Centre for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
5Department of Integrative Biology and Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
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Matthew B. Hufford
9Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, USA.
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Anders Albrechtsen
2The Bioinformatics Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra
10Department of Plant Sciences, Center for Population Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, USA.
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M. Thomas P. Gilbert
1Centre for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
11Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
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  • For correspondence: rute.r.da.fonseca@gmail.com mtpgilbert@gmail.com
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Abstract

Maize offers an ideal system through which to demonstrate the potential of ancient population genomic techniques for reconstructing the evolution and spread of domesticates. The diffusion of maize from Mexico into the North American Southwest (SW) remains contentious with the available evidence being restricted to morphological studies of ancient maize plant material. We captured 1 Mb of nuclear DNA from 32 archaeological maize samples spanning 6000 years and compared them with modern landraces including those from the Mexican West coast and highlands. We found that the initial diffusion of domesticated maize into the SW is likely to have occurred through a highland route. However, by 2000 years ago a Pacific coastal corridor was also being used. Furthermore, we could distinguish between genes that were selected for early during domestication (such as zagl1 involved in shattering) from genes that changed in the SW context (e.g. related to sugar content and adaptation to drought) likely as a response to the local arid environment and new cultural uses of maize.

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Posted January 11, 2015.
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The origin and evolution of maize in the American Southwest
Rute R. da Fonseca, Bruce D. Smith, Nathan Wales, Enrico Cappellini, Pontus Skoglund, Matteo Fumagalli, José Alfredo Samaniego, Christian Carøe, María C. Ávila-Arcos, David E. Hufnagel, Thorfinn Sand Korneliussen, Filipe Garrett Vieira, Mattias Jakobsson, Bernardo Arriaza, Eske Willerslev, Rasmus Nielsen, Matthew B. Hufford, Anders Albrechtsen, Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra, M. Thomas P. Gilbert
bioRxiv 013540; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/013540
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The origin and evolution of maize in the American Southwest
Rute R. da Fonseca, Bruce D. Smith, Nathan Wales, Enrico Cappellini, Pontus Skoglund, Matteo Fumagalli, José Alfredo Samaniego, Christian Carøe, María C. Ávila-Arcos, David E. Hufnagel, Thorfinn Sand Korneliussen, Filipe Garrett Vieira, Mattias Jakobsson, Bernardo Arriaza, Eske Willerslev, Rasmus Nielsen, Matthew B. Hufford, Anders Albrechtsen, Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra, M. Thomas P. Gilbert
bioRxiv 013540; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/013540

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