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Light-induced indeterminacy alters shade avoiding tomato leaf morphology

View ORCID ProfileDaniel H. Chitwood, View ORCID ProfileRavi Kumar, View ORCID ProfileAashish Ranjan, View ORCID ProfileJulie M. Pelletier, View ORCID ProfileBrad T. Townsley, View ORCID ProfileYasunori Ichihashi, View ORCID ProfileCiera C. Martinez, View ORCID ProfileKristina Zumstein, View ORCID ProfileJohn J. Harada, View ORCID ProfileJulin N. Maloof, View ORCID ProfileNeelima R. Sinha
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/024018
Daniel H. Chitwood
1Department of Plant Biology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Ravi Kumar
1Department of Plant Biology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Aashish Ranjan
1Department of Plant Biology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Julie M. Pelletier
1Department of Plant Biology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Brad T. Townsley
1Department of Plant Biology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Yasunori Ichihashi
1Department of Plant Biology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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  • ORCID record for Yasunori Ichihashi
Ciera C. Martinez
1Department of Plant Biology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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  • ORCID record for Ciera C. Martinez
Kristina Zumstein
1Department of Plant Biology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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  • ORCID record for Kristina Zumstein
John J. Harada
1Department of Plant Biology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Julin N. Maloof
1Department of Plant Biology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Neelima R. Sinha
1Department of Plant Biology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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  • ORCID record for Neelima R. Sinha
  • For correspondence: nrsinha@ucdavis.edu
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Abstract

Plants sense foliar shade of competitors and alter their developmental programs through the shade avoidance response. Internode and petiole elongation, and changes in overall leaf area and leaf mass per area, are the stereotypical architectural responses to foliar shade in the shoot. However, changes in leaf shape and complexity in response to shade remain incompletely, and qualitatively, described. Using a meta-analysis of >18,000 previously published leaflet outlines, we demonstrate that shade avoidance alters leaf shape in domesticated tomato and wild relatives. The effects of shade avoidance on leaf shape are subtle with respect to individual traits, but are combinatorially strong. We then seek to describe the developmental origins of shade-induced changes in leaf shape by swapping plants between light treatments. Leaf size is light-responsive late into development, but patterning events, such as stomatal index, are irrevocably specified earlier.

Observing that shade induces increases in shoot apical meristem size, we then describe gene expression changes in early leaf primordia and the meristem using laser microdissection. We find that in leaf primordia shade avoidance is not mediated through canonical pathways described in mature organs, but rather the expression of KNOX and other indeterminacy genes, altering known developmental pathways responsible for patterning leaf shape. We also demonstrate that shade-induced changes in leaf primordium gene expression largely do not overlap with those found in successively initiated leaf primordia, providing evidence against classic hypotheses that shaded leaf morphology results from prolonged production of juvenile leaf types.

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Posted August 05, 2015.
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Light-induced indeterminacy alters shade avoiding tomato leaf morphology
Daniel H. Chitwood, Ravi Kumar, Aashish Ranjan, Julie M. Pelletier, Brad T. Townsley, Yasunori Ichihashi, Ciera C. Martinez, Kristina Zumstein, John J. Harada, Julin N. Maloof, Neelima R. Sinha
bioRxiv 024018; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/024018
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Light-induced indeterminacy alters shade avoiding tomato leaf morphology
Daniel H. Chitwood, Ravi Kumar, Aashish Ranjan, Julie M. Pelletier, Brad T. Townsley, Yasunori Ichihashi, Ciera C. Martinez, Kristina Zumstein, John J. Harada, Julin N. Maloof, Neelima R. Sinha
bioRxiv 024018; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/024018

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