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Genomic study of the Ket: a Paleo-Eskimo-related ethnic group with significant ancient North Eurasian ancestry

Pavel Flegontov, Piya Changmai, Anastassiya Zidkova, Maria D. Logacheva, N. Ezgi Altimşik, Olga Flegontova, Mikhail S. Gelfand, Evgeny S. Gerasimov, Ekaterina E. Khrameeva, Olga P. Konovalova, Tatiana Neretina, Yuri V. Nikolsky, George Starostin, Vita V. Stepanova, Igor V. Travinsky, Martin Tříska, Petr Tříska, Tatiana V. Tatarinova
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/024554
Pavel Flegontov
1Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
2A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
3Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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  • For correspondence: pavel.flegontov@osu.cz tatiana.tatarinova@usc.edu
Piya Changmai
1Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Anastassiya Zidkova
1Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Maria D. Logacheva
2A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
4Department of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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N. Ezgi Altimşik
1Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Olga Flegontova
3Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Mikhail S. Gelfand
2A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
4Department of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Evgeny S. Gerasimov
2A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
4Department of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Ekaterina E. Khrameeva
5Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russian Federation
2A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Olga P. Konovalova
4Department of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Tatiana Neretina
4Department of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Yuri V. Nikolsky
6Biomedical Cluster, Skolkovo Foundation, Skolkovo, Russian Federation
7George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
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George Starostin
8Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russian Federation
9Russian Presidential Academy (RANEPA), Moscow, Russian Federation
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Vita V. Stepanova
5Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russian Federation
2A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Igor V. Travinsky
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Martin Tříska
10Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Petr Tříska
11Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal;.
12Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade do Porto (ICBAS), Porto, Portugal
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Tatiana V. Tatarinova
2A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
10Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
13Spatial Science Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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  • For correspondence: pavel.flegontov@osu.cz tatiana.tatarinova@usc.edu
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Abstract

The Kets, an ethnic group in the Yenisei River basin, Russia, are considered the last nomadic hunter-gatherers of Siberia, and Ket language has no transparent affiliation with any language family. We investigated connections between the Kets and Siberian and North American populations, with emphasis on the Mal’ta and Paleo-Eskimo ancient genomes, using original data from 46 unrelated samples of Kets and 42 samples of their neighboring ethnic groups (Uralic-speaking Nganasans, Enets, and Selkups). We genotyped over 130,000 autosomal SNPs, identified mitochondrial and Y-chromosomal haplogroups, and performed high-coverage genome sequencing of two Ket individuals. We established that Nganasans, Kets, Selkups, and Yukaghirs form a cluster of populations most closely related to Paleo-Eskimos in Siberia (not considering indigenous populations of Chukotka and Kamchatka). Kets are closely related to modern Selkups and to some Bronze and Iron Age populations of the Altai region, with all these groups sharing a high degree of Mal’ta ancestry. Implications of these findings for the linguistic hypothesis uniting Ket and Na-Dene languages into a language macrofamily are discussed.

Footnotes

  • ↵# retired, former affiliation: Central Siberian National Nature Reserve, Bor, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russian Federation.

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Posted December 14, 2015.
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Genomic study of the Ket: a Paleo-Eskimo-related ethnic group with significant ancient North Eurasian ancestry
Pavel Flegontov, Piya Changmai, Anastassiya Zidkova, Maria D. Logacheva, N. Ezgi Altimşik, Olga Flegontova, Mikhail S. Gelfand, Evgeny S. Gerasimov, Ekaterina E. Khrameeva, Olga P. Konovalova, Tatiana Neretina, Yuri V. Nikolsky, George Starostin, Vita V. Stepanova, Igor V. Travinsky, Martin Tříska, Petr Tříska, Tatiana V. Tatarinova
bioRxiv 024554; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/024554
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Genomic study of the Ket: a Paleo-Eskimo-related ethnic group with significant ancient North Eurasian ancestry
Pavel Flegontov, Piya Changmai, Anastassiya Zidkova, Maria D. Logacheva, N. Ezgi Altimşik, Olga Flegontova, Mikhail S. Gelfand, Evgeny S. Gerasimov, Ekaterina E. Khrameeva, Olga P. Konovalova, Tatiana Neretina, Yuri V. Nikolsky, George Starostin, Vita V. Stepanova, Igor V. Travinsky, Martin Tříska, Petr Tříska, Tatiana V. Tatarinova
bioRxiv 024554; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/024554

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