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Extreme Mitogenomic Variation Without Cryptic Speciation in Chaetognaths

View ORCID ProfileFerdinand Marlétaz, View ORCID ProfileYannick Le Parco, View ORCID ProfileShenglin Liu, View ORCID ProfileKatja T.C.A. Peijnenburg
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/025957
Ferdinand Marlétaz
1Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, OX1 3PS, Oxford, United Kingdom
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  • For correspondence: ferdinand.marletaz@gmail.com katja.peijnenburg@naturalis.nl
Yannick Le Parco
2Institut Méditerranéen d’Océanologie (CNRS UMR 7294), Aix-Marseille Université, Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France
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Shenglin Liu
3Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Katja T.C.A. Peijnenburg
3Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
4Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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  • For correspondence: ferdinand.marletaz@gmail.com katja.peijnenburg@naturalis.nl
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Abstract

The extent of within-species genetic variation across the diversity of animal life is a fundamental but largely unexplored problem in ecology and evolution. The neutral theory of molecular evolution predicts that genetic variation scales positively with population size. However, the genetic diversity of mitochondrial DNA, a prominent marker used in DNA barcoding studies, shows very little variation across animal species. Here, we report an unprecedented case of extreme mitochondrial variation within natural populations of two species of chaetognaths (arrow worms). We determined that this diversity is composed of deep intraspecific mitochondrial lineages within single populations that could be as divergent as human and newt. This mitochondrial diversity is the highest ever reported in animals without evidence of cryptic speciation or allopatric divergence as supported by nuclear evidence. We sequenced 54 complete mitogenomes revealing gene order rearrangements between these intraspecific lineages. Such structural differences have never previously been reported within single species. We confirm that this divergence was not driven by positive selection, and conversely show that these lineages evolved under purifying selection, consistently with neutral expectations. Our findings question the generally accepted narrow range of genetic variation in animal mitochondria and argue for a reappraisal of DNA barcoding techniques. Furthermore, extreme levels of mitogenomic variation in chaetognaths challenge classical views regarding mitochondrial evolution and cytonuclear co-evolution.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted September 02, 2015.
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Extreme Mitogenomic Variation Without Cryptic Speciation in Chaetognaths
Ferdinand Marlétaz, Yannick Le Parco, Shenglin Liu, Katja T.C.A. Peijnenburg
bioRxiv 025957; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/025957
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Extreme Mitogenomic Variation Without Cryptic Speciation in Chaetognaths
Ferdinand Marlétaz, Yannick Le Parco, Shenglin Liu, Katja T.C.A. Peijnenburg
bioRxiv 025957; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/025957

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