New Results
Meta-analysis of 375,000 individuals identifies 38 susceptibility loci for migraine
Padhraig Gormley, Verneri Anttila, Bendik S Winsvold, Priit Palta, Tonu Esko, Tune H. Pers, Kai-How Farh, Ester Cuenca-Leon, Mikko Muona, Nicholas A Furlotte, Tobias Kurth, Andres Ingason, George McMahon, Lannie Ligthart, Gisela M Terwindt, Mikko Kallela, Tobias M Freilinger, Caroline Ran, Scott G Gordon, Anine H Stam, Stacy Steinberg, Guntram Borck, Markku Koiranen, Lydia Quaye, Hieab HH Adams, Terho Lehtimäki, Antti-Pekka Sarin, Juho Wedenoja, David A Hinds, Julie E Buring, Markus Schürks, Paul M Ridker, Maria Gudlaug Hrafnsdottir, Hreinn Stefansson, Susan M Ring, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Brenda WJH Penninx, Markus Färkkilä, Ville Artto, Mari Kaunisto, Salli Vepsäläinen, Rainer Malik, Andrew C Heath, Pamela A F Madden, Nicholas G Martin, Grant W Montgomery, Eija Hämäläinen, Hailiang Huang, Andrea E Byrnes, Lude Franke, Jie Huang, Evie Stergiakouli, Phil H Lee, Cynthia Sandor, Caleb Webber, Zameel Cader, Bertram Muller-Myhsok, Stefan Schreiber, Thomas Meitinger, Johan G Eriksson, Veikko Salomaa, Kauko Heikkilä, Elizabeth Loehrer, Andre G Uitterlinden, Albert Hofman, Cornelia M van Duijn, Lynn Cherkas, Linda M. Pedersen, Audun Stubhaug, Christopher S Nielsen, Minna Männikkö, Evelin Mihailov, Lili Milani, Hartmut Göbel, Ann-Louise Esserlind, Anne Francke Christensen, Thomas Folkmann Hansen, Thomas Werge, Jaakko Kaprio, Arpo J Aromaa, Olli Raitakari, M Arfan Ikram, Tim Spector, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Andres Metspalu, Christian Kubisch, David P Strachan, Michel D Ferrari, Andrea C Belin, Martin Dichgans, Maija Wessman, Arn MJM van den Maagdenberg, John-Anker Zwart, Dorret I Boomsma, George Davey Smith, Kari Stefansson, Nicholas Eriksson, Mark J Daly, Benjamin M Neale, Jes Olesen, Daniel I. Chasman, Dale R Nyholt, Aarno Palotie, on behalf of the International Headache Genetics Consortium
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/030288
Padhraig Gormley
Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA.Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA.Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
Verneri Anttila
Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA.Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA.Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
Bendik S Winsvold
FORMI, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
Priit Palta
Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Tonu Esko
Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA.Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, USA.
Tune H. Pers
Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA.Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, USA.Statens Serum Institut, Dept of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Kai-How Farh
Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA.Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.Illumina, 5200 Illumina Way, San Diego, USA.
Ester Cuenca-Leon
Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA.Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA.Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Pediatric Neurology, Barcelona, Spain.
Mikko Muona
Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland, FI-00290.Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, FI-00014.Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, FI-00014.
Nicholas A Furlotte
23andMe, Inc., 899 W. Evelyn Avenue, Mountain View, CA, USA.
Tobias Kurth
Inserm Research Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics (U897), University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France.Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA 02215.
Andres Ingason
deCODE Genetics, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
George McMahon
Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Lannie Ligthart
VU University Amsterdam, Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 1081 BT.
Gisela M Terwindt
Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Neurology, Leiden, The Netherlands, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC.
Mikko Kallela
Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
Tobias M Freilinger
Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universtität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich Germany.Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clincal Brain Research, University of Tuebingen.
Caroline Ran
Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neuroscience, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
Scott G Gordon
Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
Anine H Stam
Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Neurology, Leiden, The Netherlands, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC.
Stacy Steinberg
deCODE Genetics, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
Guntram Borck
Ulm University, Institute of Human Genetics, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
Markku Koiranen
University of Oulu, Center for Life Course Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Oulu, Finland, Box 5000, Fin-90014 University of Oulu.
Lydia Quaye
Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK.
Hieab HH Adams
Dept of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 3015 CN.Dept of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 3015 CN.
Terho Lehtimäki
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland, 33520.
Antti-Pekka Sarin
Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Juho Wedenoja
Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
David A Hinds
23andMe, Inc., 899 W. Evelyn Avenue, Mountain View, CA, USA.
Julie E Buring
Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA 02215.Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115.
Markus Schürks
University Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany.
Paul M Ridker
Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA 02215.Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115.
Maria Gudlaug Hrafnsdottir
Landspitali University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
Hreinn Stefansson
deCODE Genetics, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
Susan M Ring
Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Jouke-Jan Hottenga
VU University Amsterdam, Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 1081 BT.
Brenda WJH Penninx
VU University Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 1081 HL.
Markus Färkkilä
Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
Ville Artto
Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
Mari Kaunisto
Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Salli Vepsäläinen
Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
Rainer Malik
Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universtität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich Germany.
Andrew C Heath
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Pamela A F Madden
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Nicholas G Martin
Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
Grant W Montgomery
Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
Eija Hämäläinen
Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Hailiang Huang
Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA.Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA.Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
Andrea E Byrnes
Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA.Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA.Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
Lude Franke
University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, 9700RB.
Jie Huang
Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
Evie Stergiakouli
Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Phil H Lee
Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA.Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA.
Cynthia Sandor
MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Oxford University, UK.
Caleb Webber
MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Oxford University, UK.
Zameel Cader
Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK.Oxford Headache Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
Bertram Muller-Myhsok
Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
Stefan Schreiber
Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany.
Thomas Meitinger
Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
Johan G Eriksson
Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki Finland.National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Veikko Salomaa
National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Kauko Heikkilä
Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Elizabeth Loehrer
Dept of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 3015 CN.Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA 02115.
Andre G Uitterlinden
Dept of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 3015 CN.
Albert Hofman
Dept of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 3015 CN.
Cornelia M van Duijn
Dept of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 3015 CN.
Lynn Cherkas
Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK.
Linda M. Pedersen
FORMI, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
Audun Stubhaug
Dept of Pain Management and Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway.Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
Christopher S Nielsen
Dept of Pain Management and Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway.Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, Oslo, Norway, NO-0403.
Minna Männikkö
University of Oulu, Center for Life Course Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Oulu, Finland, Box 5000, Fin-90014 University of Oulu.
Evelin Mihailov
Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Lili Milani
Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Hartmut Göbel
Kiel Pain and Headache Center, 24149 Kiel, Germany.
Ann-Louise Esserlind
Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Anne Francke Christensen
Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Thomas Folkmann Hansen
Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, University of Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark.
Thomas Werge
Institute Of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.iPSYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation’s Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Jaakko Kaprio
Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Arpo J Aromaa
National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Olli Raitakari
Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku and the Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland, 20521.
M Arfan Ikram
Dept of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 3015 CN.Dept of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 3015 CN.Dept of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 3015 CN.
Tim Spector
Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK.
Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
Imperial College London, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, UK, W2 1PG.University of Oulu, Biocenter Oulu, Finland, Box 5000, Fin-90014 University of Oulu.University of Oulu, Center for Life Course Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Oulu, Finland, Box 5000, Fin-90014 University of Oulu.Oulu University Hospital, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu, Finland, Box 10, Fin-90029 OYS.
Andres Metspalu
Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Christian Kubisch
University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Institute of Human Genetics, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
David P Strachan
Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.
Michel D Ferrari
Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Neurology, Leiden, The Netherlands, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC.
Andrea C Belin
Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neuroscience, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
Martin Dichgans
Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universtität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich Germany.Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
Maija Wessman
Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland, FI-00290.
Arn MJM van den Maagdenberg
Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Neurology, Leiden, The Netherlands, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC.Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Human Genetics, Leiden, The Netherlands, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC.
John-Anker Zwart
FORMI, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
Dorret I Boomsma
VU University Amsterdam, Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 1081 BT.
George Davey Smith
Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Kari Stefansson
deCODE Genetics, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
Nicholas Eriksson
23andMe, Inc., 899 W. Evelyn Avenue, Mountain View, CA, USA.
Mark J Daly
Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA.Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA.Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
Benjamin M Neale
Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA.Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA.Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
Jes Olesen
Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Daniel I. Chasman
Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA 02215.Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115.
Dale R Nyholt
Statistical and Genomic Epidemiology Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia.
Aarno Palotie
Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA.Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA.Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA,
Abstract
Migraine is a debilitating neurological disorder affecting around 1 in 7 people worldwide, but its molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Some debate exists over whether migraine is a disease of vascular dysfunction, or a result of neuronal dysfunction with secondary vascular changes. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have thus far identified 13 independent loci associated with migraine. To identify new susceptibility loci, we performed the largest genetic study of migraine to date, comprising 59,674 cases and 316,078 controls from 22 GWA studies. We identified 45 independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with migraine risk (P < 5 × 10−8) that map to 38 distinct genomic loci, including 28 loci not previously reported and the first locus identified on chromosome X. Furthermore, a subset analysis for migraine without aura (MO) identified seven of the same loci as from the full sample, whereas no loci reached genome-wide significance in the migraine with aura (MA) subset. In subsequent computational analyzes, the identified loci showed enrichment for genes expressed in vascular and smooth muscle tissues, consistent with a predominant theory of migraine that highlights vascular etiologies.
Copyright
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
Posted November 03, 2015.
Meta-analysis of 375,000 individuals identifies 38 susceptibility loci for migraine
Padhraig Gormley, Verneri Anttila, Bendik S Winsvold, Priit Palta, Tonu Esko, Tune H. Pers, Kai-How Farh, Ester Cuenca-Leon, Mikko Muona, Nicholas A Furlotte, Tobias Kurth, Andres Ingason, George McMahon, Lannie Ligthart, Gisela M Terwindt, Mikko Kallela, Tobias M Freilinger, Caroline Ran, Scott G Gordon, Anine H Stam, Stacy Steinberg, Guntram Borck, Markku Koiranen, Lydia Quaye, Hieab HH Adams, Terho Lehtimäki, Antti-Pekka Sarin, Juho Wedenoja, David A Hinds, Julie E Buring, Markus Schürks, Paul M Ridker, Maria Gudlaug Hrafnsdottir, Hreinn Stefansson, Susan M Ring, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Brenda WJH Penninx, Markus Färkkilä, Ville Artto, Mari Kaunisto, Salli Vepsäläinen, Rainer Malik, Andrew C Heath, Pamela A F Madden, Nicholas G Martin, Grant W Montgomery, Eija Hämäläinen, Hailiang Huang, Andrea E Byrnes, Lude Franke, Jie Huang, Evie Stergiakouli, Phil H Lee, Cynthia Sandor, Caleb Webber, Zameel Cader, Bertram Muller-Myhsok, Stefan Schreiber, Thomas Meitinger, Johan G Eriksson, Veikko Salomaa, Kauko Heikkilä, Elizabeth Loehrer, Andre G Uitterlinden, Albert Hofman, Cornelia M van Duijn, Lynn Cherkas, Linda M. Pedersen, Audun Stubhaug, Christopher S Nielsen, Minna Männikkö, Evelin Mihailov, Lili Milani, Hartmut Göbel, Ann-Louise Esserlind, Anne Francke Christensen, Thomas Folkmann Hansen, Thomas Werge, Jaakko Kaprio, Arpo J Aromaa, Olli Raitakari, M Arfan Ikram, Tim Spector, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Andres Metspalu, Christian Kubisch, David P Strachan, Michel D Ferrari, Andrea C Belin, Martin Dichgans, Maija Wessman, Arn MJM van den Maagdenberg, John-Anker Zwart, Dorret I Boomsma, George Davey Smith, Kari Stefansson, Nicholas Eriksson, Mark J Daly, Benjamin M Neale, Jes Olesen, Daniel I. Chasman, Dale R Nyholt, Aarno Palotie, on behalf of the International Headache Genetics Consortium
bioRxiv 030288; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/030288
Meta-analysis of 375,000 individuals identifies 38 susceptibility loci for migraine
Padhraig Gormley, Verneri Anttila, Bendik S Winsvold, Priit Palta, Tonu Esko, Tune H. Pers, Kai-How Farh, Ester Cuenca-Leon, Mikko Muona, Nicholas A Furlotte, Tobias Kurth, Andres Ingason, George McMahon, Lannie Ligthart, Gisela M Terwindt, Mikko Kallela, Tobias M Freilinger, Caroline Ran, Scott G Gordon, Anine H Stam, Stacy Steinberg, Guntram Borck, Markku Koiranen, Lydia Quaye, Hieab HH Adams, Terho Lehtimäki, Antti-Pekka Sarin, Juho Wedenoja, David A Hinds, Julie E Buring, Markus Schürks, Paul M Ridker, Maria Gudlaug Hrafnsdottir, Hreinn Stefansson, Susan M Ring, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Brenda WJH Penninx, Markus Färkkilä, Ville Artto, Mari Kaunisto, Salli Vepsäläinen, Rainer Malik, Andrew C Heath, Pamela A F Madden, Nicholas G Martin, Grant W Montgomery, Eija Hämäläinen, Hailiang Huang, Andrea E Byrnes, Lude Franke, Jie Huang, Evie Stergiakouli, Phil H Lee, Cynthia Sandor, Caleb Webber, Zameel Cader, Bertram Muller-Myhsok, Stefan Schreiber, Thomas Meitinger, Johan G Eriksson, Veikko Salomaa, Kauko Heikkilä, Elizabeth Loehrer, Andre G Uitterlinden, Albert Hofman, Cornelia M van Duijn, Lynn Cherkas, Linda M. Pedersen, Audun Stubhaug, Christopher S Nielsen, Minna Männikkö, Evelin Mihailov, Lili Milani, Hartmut Göbel, Ann-Louise Esserlind, Anne Francke Christensen, Thomas Folkmann Hansen, Thomas Werge, Jaakko Kaprio, Arpo J Aromaa, Olli Raitakari, M Arfan Ikram, Tim Spector, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Andres Metspalu, Christian Kubisch, David P Strachan, Michel D Ferrari, Andrea C Belin, Martin Dichgans, Maija Wessman, Arn MJM van den Maagdenberg, John-Anker Zwart, Dorret I Boomsma, George Davey Smith, Kari Stefansson, Nicholas Eriksson, Mark J Daly, Benjamin M Neale, Jes Olesen, Daniel I. Chasman, Dale R Nyholt, Aarno Palotie, on behalf of the International Headache Genetics Consortium
bioRxiv 030288; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/030288
Subject Area
Subject Areas
- Biochemistry (2206)
- Bioengineering (1521)
- Bioinformatics (8904)
- Biophysics (3503)
- Cancer Biology (2625)
- Cell Biology (3713)
- Clinical Trials (134)
- Developmental Biology (2359)
- Ecology (3663)
- Epidemiology (2011)
- Evolutionary Biology (6359)
- Genetics (4744)
- Genomics (5964)
- Immunology (1883)
- Microbiology (6199)
- Molecular Biology (2391)
- Neuroscience (15317)
- Paleontology (107)
- Pathology (369)
- Physiology (913)
- Plant Biology (2161)
- Synthetic Biology (752)
- Systems Biology (2468)
- Zoology (379)