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Evolutionary responses to conditionality in species interactions across environmental gradients

Anna M. O’Brien, Ruairidh J.H. Sawers, Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra, Sharon Y. Strauss
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/031195
Anna M. O’Brien
1Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
2Dept. of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
3Dept. of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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Ruairidh J.H. Sawers
4Laboratorio Nacional de Genόomica para la Biodiversidad (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigacéon 10 y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, 36821 Guanajuato, Mexico
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Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra
1Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
2Dept. of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
5Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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Sharon Y. Strauss
1Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
3Dept. of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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Abstract

The outcomes of many species interactions are conditional on the environments in which they occur. A common pattern is that outcomes grade from being more positive under stressful conditions to more antagonistic or neutral under benign conditions. The evolutionary implications of conditionality in interactions has received much less attention than the documentation of conditionality itself, with a few notable exceptions. Here, we predict patterns of adaptation and co-adaptation between partners along abiotic gradients, positing that when interactions become more positive in stressful environments, fitness benefits of interactors become more aligned and selection should favor greater mutualistic adaptation and co-adaptation between interacting species. As a corollary, in benign environments, if interactions are strongly antagonistic, we predict antagonistic co-adaptation resulting in Red Queen or arms-race dynamics, or reduction of antagonism through character displacement and niche partitioning. We predict no adaptation if interactions are more neutral. We call this the CoCoA hypothesis: (Co)-adaptation and Conditionality across Abiotic gradients. Here, we describe experimental designs and statistical models allowing us to test predictions of CoCoA, with a focus on positive interactions. While only one study has included all the elements to test CoCoA, we briefly review the literature and summarize study findings relevant to CoCoA, and highlight opportunities to test CoCoA further.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted March 01, 2017.
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Evolutionary responses to conditionality in species interactions across environmental gradients
Anna M. O’Brien, Ruairidh J.H. Sawers, Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra, Sharon Y. Strauss
bioRxiv 031195; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/031195
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Evolutionary responses to conditionality in species interactions across environmental gradients
Anna M. O’Brien, Ruairidh J.H. Sawers, Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra, Sharon Y. Strauss
bioRxiv 031195; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/031195

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