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A phylogenetically diverse class of “blind” type 1 opsins

Erin A. Becker, Andrew I. Yao, Phillip M. Seitzer, Tobias Kind, Ting Wang, Rich Eigenheer, Katie S. Y. Shao, Vladimir Yarov-Yarovoy, Marc T. Facciotti
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/033027
Erin A. Becker
1Genome Center, One Shields Ave., University of California, Davis, CA, USA 95616
2Microbiology Graduate Group, One Shields Ave., University of California, Davis, CA, USA 95616
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Andrew I. Yao
1Genome Center, One Shields Ave., University of California, Davis, CA, USA 95616
3Department of Biomedical Engineering, One Shields Ave., University of California, Davis, CA, USA 95616
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Phillip M. Seitzer
1Genome Center, One Shields Ave., University of California, Davis, CA, USA 95616
3Department of Biomedical Engineering, One Shields Ave., University of California, Davis, CA, USA 95616
4Proteome Software, 1340 SW Bertha Blvd., Portland, Oregon, USA
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Tobias Kind
1Genome Center, One Shields Ave., University of California, Davis, CA, USA 95616
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Ting Wang
1Genome Center, One Shields Ave., University of California, Davis, CA, USA 95616
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Rich Eigenheer
5California Department of Food and Agriculture, 1220 N St., Sacramento, CA, USA 95814
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Katie S. Y. Shao
6William’s College, 880 Main St., Williamstown, MA, USA 01267
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Vladimir Yarov-Yarovoy
7Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, One Shields Ave., University of California, Davis, CA, USA 95616
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Marc T. Facciotti
1Genome Center, One Shields Ave., University of California, Davis, CA, USA 95616
2Microbiology Graduate Group, One Shields Ave., University of California, Davis, CA, USA 95616
3Department of Biomedical Engineering, One Shields Ave., University of California, Davis, CA, USA 95616
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Abstract

Opsins are photosensitive proteins catalyzing light-dependent processes across the tree of life. For both microbial (type 1) and metazoan (type 2) opsins, photosensing depends upon covalent interaction between a retinal chromophore and a conserved lysine residue. Despite recent discoveries of potential opsin homologs lacking this residue, phylogenetic dispersal and functional significance of these abnormal sequences have not yet been investigated. We report discovery of a large group of putatively non-retinal binding opsins, present in a number of fungal and microbial genomes and comprising nearly 30% of opsins in the Halobacteriacea, a model clade for opsin photobiology. Based on phylogenetic analyses, structural modeling, genomic context and biochemistry, we propose that these abnormal opsin homologs represent a novel family of sensory opsins which may be involved in taxis response to one or more non-light stimuli. This finding challenges current understanding of microbial opsins as a light-specific sensory family, and provides a potential analogy with the highly diverse signaling capabilities of the eukaryotic G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), of which metazoan type 2 opsins are a light-specific sub-clade.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted November 26, 2015.
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A phylogenetically diverse class of “blind” type 1 opsins
Erin A. Becker, Andrew I. Yao, Phillip M. Seitzer, Tobias Kind, Ting Wang, Rich Eigenheer, Katie S. Y. Shao, Vladimir Yarov-Yarovoy, Marc T. Facciotti
bioRxiv 033027; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/033027
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A phylogenetically diverse class of “blind” type 1 opsins
Erin A. Becker, Andrew I. Yao, Phillip M. Seitzer, Tobias Kind, Ting Wang, Rich Eigenheer, Katie S. Y. Shao, Vladimir Yarov-Yarovoy, Marc T. Facciotti
bioRxiv 033027; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/033027

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