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Independent evolution of ab- and adaxial stomatal density enables adaptation

View ORCID ProfileChristopher D. Muir, View ORCID ProfileMiquel Ángel Conesa, View ORCID ProfileJeroni Galmés
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/034355
Christopher D. Muir
1Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
2Biodiversity Research Centre and Botany Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Miquel Ángel Conesa
3Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122, Palma, Spain
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Jeroni Galmés
3Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122, Palma, Spain
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Summary

  • Are organisms free to reach their adaptive optima or constrained by hard-wired developmental programs? Recent evidence suggests that the arrangement of stomata on abaxial (lower) and adaxial (upper) leaf surfaces may be an important adaptation in plants, but stomatal traits on each surface likely share developmental pathways that could hamper evolution.

  • We reviewed the quantitative genetics of stomatal density to look for loci that (1) affected ab- or adaxial density independently or (2) pleiotropically affected stomatal density on both surfaces. We also used phylogenetic comparative methods to test for independent versus correlated evolution of stomatal traits (density, size, and pore index) on each surface from 14 amphistomatous wild tomato taxa (Solanum; Solanaceae).

  • Naturally occurring and laboratory-induced genetic variation alters stomatal density on one surface without affecting the other, indicating that development does not strongly constrain the spectrum of available mutations. Among wild tomato taxa, traits most closely related to function (stomatal pore index and density) evolved independently on each surface, whereas stomatal size was constrained by correlated evolution.

  • Genetics and phylogenetics demonstrate mostly independent evolution of stomatal function on each leaf surface, facilitating largely unfettered access to fitness optima.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted December 15, 2015.
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Independent evolution of ab- and adaxial stomatal density enables adaptation
Christopher D. Muir, Miquel Ángel Conesa, Jeroni Galmés
bioRxiv 034355; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/034355
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Independent evolution of ab- and adaxial stomatal density enables adaptation
Christopher D. Muir, Miquel Ángel Conesa, Jeroni Galmés
bioRxiv 034355; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/034355

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