Tempo and mode of genome evolution in a 50,000-generation experiment

1Université Paris Diderot, IAME, UMR 1137, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75018 Paris, France.

2INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, F-75018 Paris, France.

3Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.

4BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.

4BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.

3Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.

6Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.

3Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.

3Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.

7Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, Zürich 8092, Switzerland.

8Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire Technologies de l’Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications (TIMC-IMAG), F-38000 Grenoble, France.

9Direction des Sciences du Vivant, CEA, Institut de Génomique, Genoscope & CNRS-UMR8030, Évry, France.

10Laboratoire d’Analyses Bioinformatiques en Génomique et Métabolisme, Évry, France.

9Direction des Sciences du Vivant, CEA, Institut de Génomique, Genoscope & CNRS-UMR8030, Évry, France.

10Laboratoire d’Analyses Bioinformatiques en Génomique et Métabolisme, Évry, France.

8Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire Technologies de l’Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications (TIMC-IMAG), F-38000 Grenoble, France.

11Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, TIMC-IMAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France

4BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.